Introduction
In the IT industry, the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) program is hugely popular and is in fact Cisco's most popular certification. CCNA was introduced in April 1998 and is the entry-level certification for the Cisco Career Certification Program.
Cisco’s globally recognized certifications certify the competence of Internetworking professionals in the areas of routing, switching and connectivity. And CCNA is the first step in this route.
The significance of CCNA isn’t just because it is the first step for Cisco certification, but it is in addition proof of a solid foundation in networking. It is a prerequisite for CCNP, CCDP, and CCSP certifications, and recommended for CCIP certification.
How to get the CCNA
Candidates have two paths to approach CCNA certification:
¨ a single-exam path that includes exam #640-802
Or
640-822 ICND1
Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 1 (ICND1) v1.0
640-816 ICND2
Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices Part 2 (ICND2) v1.0
Prerequisites
There are no prerequisites for CCNA certification.
Exam Interface
You need to be familiar with the nature of exam and the exam interface. “Cisco Career Certifications exams includes the following test formats: multiple-choice single answer, multiple-choice multiple answer, drag-and-drop, fill-in-the-blank, and simulations. Prior to taking the exam, candidates should become familiar with how all exam types function-especially the exam simulation tool. Such practice will allow candidates to focus their exam-taking effort on the exam questions rather than how to correctly use the tools”.
Exam Focus for the 640-802
With the exam changes in the 640-802 is to ensure that only those who actually learn Cisco’s stuff and can practice it can get certified. It has made CCNA tougher but it has also increased the credibility and value of the exam. It is indeed very hard to simply cram some materials and braindumps and pass the CCNA, without being able to configure a router.
What’s the exam like? There is a heavy focus on Access Lists, Switching, Routing protocols, Subnetting and simulation. Subnetting is key in the exam. You have to know how to subnet very well. Can you subnet in your head? You really need to be comfortable with subnetting before you take the CCNA. If you have doubts start practicing now.
Practice and understand access-lists very well. What are your access-list commands and what do they do?
Simulation
You need to build your speed in doing simulations. In the exam, simulations can make or mar your efforts. To prepare well you need to have access to simulators or real routers. The actual number simulation questions may vary from three to five. Essentially, the exam will test your ability to configure routers and switches in different scenarios. These scenarios are designed to test your knowledge of configuration and listing commands as well as your ability to pay attention to detail, and your ability to analyze and troubleshoot scenarios. Simulations have been noted to be slow during the exam and when switching between the simulator-based questions and the rest of the exam. Even if the simulator engine appears slow, don’t let this throw you off balance during the exam.
Time management
The test is 90 minutes. To get a good score and keep your CCNA dreams and hopes alive you must manage your time well. Determine how long you will spend on each question. Remember that you can’t go back after answering a question. This means you can’t review questions you’ve answered. As noted simulations are usually slow and will take more time. They also weigh heavily in your exam scores. So take your time on the simulations and don’t panic or rush. Note that there will be a lot of subnetting. Be able to subnet fast. OSI model, the Access lists, the Subnetting etc, questions are time consuming. But concentrate, understand the basics and be ready for calculations.
Exam Preparation for the 640-802
How you prepare for CCNA depends largely on your current knowledge and experience of networking and your chosen certification preparation option. Options include instructor-led training, e-simulations, practical labs, practice tests, study materials, etc. Books and simulations are the most popular preparation tools. However, for efficiency and effectiveness, if you have the funds and time, it is advisable to include instructor-led training in your preparations.
Tuesday, October 19, 2010
basic router configuration
remeber by deafult all interface arein shut down Mode
here in R1 I have a router with 2 interface :
R1#show ip int brie
R1#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
-----------------------------------as we see I have 2 lan interface-----
later on I will connect some WAN interface ; and remeber in order to bring up the interfacei must go to that interface and give the commands no shut
any time you see admin down ; it means you need to give no shut
----------------------------here is my Lab ip address----
I have Pc1=10.10.10.1 /24 pc2=10.10.10.2 /24 pc3=10.10.10.3/24
all above PC will have a DG=10.10.10.100 /24
also on R1 I will be using F0/0 and s0/0
Hint: f0/0 is used for LAN interface s0/0 is used for WAN interface
my R1 has f0/0=10.10.10.100 /24 s0/0=20.20.20.5 /30 (255.255.255.252) it means block size of 4; so it will be
subnet Id 1st ip end ip brodcast 20.20.20.4 20.20.20.5 20.20.20.6 20.20.20.7 20.20.20.8 20.20.20.9 20.20.20.10 20.20.20.11 20.20.20.12 20.20.20.13 20.20.20.14 20.20.20.15
HINT on the exams or on the diagram they will say 10.10.10.4/30
10.10.10.4 represent the subnet ID ; but what you type at R1 s0/0 will be 10.10.10.5
then On r2 i will have
R2 f0/0 =30.30.30.100 /24 s0/0=20.20.20.6 /30
then the other lan connected to the R2 will be using 30.30.30.0/24
pc5= 30.30.30.5 /24pc6=30.30.30.6 /24pc7=30.30.30.7/24
------------------------------Now I will go to R1 f0/0 and give ip addrees and no shut---
R1#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR1#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#int f0/0R1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.100% Incomplete command.R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.100 ? A.B.C.D IP subnet maskR1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.100 255.255.255.0
----------------------------------Hint ping works at R1# and R1> mode----
here is my result after I give no shut and I give ip address to R1----
R1#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR1#R1#R1#ping 10.10.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/56/62 ms
R1#ping 10.10.10.2
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/58/63 ms
R1#ping 10.10.10.3
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.3, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 49/58/62 ms
---------------------so Life is good for the LAN of 10.10.10.0/24-----
---------------------Now I will go to R2 and do same for LAN 30.30.30.0/24----
here is before I changes at R2#
R2#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
R2#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R2(config)#int f0/0R2(config-if)#n0 shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#ip address 30.30.30.100 255.255.255.0
---------------------Now I will look at the change of result-----
R2#show ip int brieR2#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 30.30.30.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR2#R2#
----------------------------Now I test my ping on the LAN and life is good
R2#ping 30.30.30.5
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 30.30.30.5, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/59/63 ms
R2#ping 30.30.30.4
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 30.30.30.4, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/58/63 ms
R2#ping 30.30.30.6
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 30.30.30.6, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/63 ms
--------------------------------Now we will connect a WAN link between R1 and R2----
in order to do that we need to add a WIC cards interface ; that you will add it. This is a simulation so you must save your configuration ; shut you pc ; then Add the Interface cards ;then reboot the router ; then you will see a new interface called s0/0
HInT make sure save your work but how ?
for now just type this
R1#copy run start
--------------------------Here is what is in LAB----
in lab enviroment ; I will use Back to back cables ; one side is DCE the other side is DTE
it is important that the side has DCE ; you provide a clock rate commands , otherwise you can not be able to ping
But how do you know which side DCE or DTE ?
method #1 ) look at the cables labelmethids # 2) R1#show controllers s 0/0
R1#show contrR1#show controllers s 0/0Interface Serial0/0Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860DCE V.35, no clockidb at 0x81081AC4, driver
as we see R1 s0/0 is connected to DCE side
------------------------Now If I go to R2 s0/0 i should see DTE ----
R2#show controllers s 0/0Interface Serial0/0Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860DTE V.35 clocks stopped.
---------------------Now I will go to R1 s0/0 and give IP address and the clock rate coomnds---
here is R1 before any changes
R1#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0 unassigned YES manual up downR1#R1#R1#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#int s0/0R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.5 255.255.255.252R1(config-if)#cloR1(config-if)#clock rate ?Speed (bits per second 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 56000 64000 72000 125000 128000 148000 250000 500000 800000 1000000 1300000 2000000 4000000 <300-4000000> Choose clockrate from list aboveR1(config-if)#clock rate 64000R1(config-if)#%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
-----------------------------------Now I will go to R2 and give Ip address only to s0/0since remember R2 is not connected to DCE .....
Hint : only the DCE side has the clock rate commands
-------------------so lets go to R2 before any changes----------------
R2#show ip int brieR2#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 30.30.30.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0 unassigned YES manual up upR2#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R2(config)#int s0/0R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.6 255.255.255.252
--------------------here is the result in R2 after changes------
R2#show ip int brieR2#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 30.30.30.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0 20.20.20.6 YES manual up up
--------------------Now I try ping from R2 to R1 s0/0-----------
R2#ping 20.20.20.5
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 20.20.20.5, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/32 ms
here in R1 I have a router with 2 interface :
R1#show ip int brie
R1#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
-----------------------------------as we see I have 2 lan interface-----
later on I will connect some WAN interface ; and remeber in order to bring up the interfacei must go to that interface and give the commands no shut
any time you see admin down ; it means you need to give no shut
----------------------------here is my Lab ip address----
I have Pc1=10.10.10.1 /24 pc2=10.10.10.2 /24 pc3=10.10.10.3/24
all above PC will have a DG=10.10.10.100 /24
also on R1 I will be using F0/0 and s0/0
Hint: f0/0 is used for LAN interface s0/0 is used for WAN interface
my R1 has f0/0=10.10.10.100 /24 s0/0=20.20.20.5 /30 (255.255.255.252) it means block size of 4; so it will be
subnet Id 1st ip end ip brodcast 20.20.20.4 20.20.20.5 20.20.20.6 20.20.20.7 20.20.20.8 20.20.20.9 20.20.20.10 20.20.20.11 20.20.20.12 20.20.20.13 20.20.20.14 20.20.20.15
HINT on the exams or on the diagram they will say 10.10.10.4/30
10.10.10.4 represent the subnet ID ; but what you type at R1 s0/0 will be 10.10.10.5
then On r2 i will have
R2 f0/0 =30.30.30.100 /24 s0/0=20.20.20.6 /30
then the other lan connected to the R2 will be using 30.30.30.0/24
pc5= 30.30.30.5 /24pc6=30.30.30.6 /24pc7=30.30.30.7/24
------------------------------Now I will go to R1 f0/0 and give ip addrees and no shut---
R1#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR1#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#int f0/0R1(config-if)#no shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.100% Incomplete command.R1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.100 ? A.B.C.D IP subnet maskR1(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.100 255.255.255.0
----------------------------------Hint ping works at R1# and R1> mode----
here is my result after I give no shut and I give ip address to R1----
R1#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR1#R1#R1#ping 10.10.10.1
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/56/62 ms
R1#ping 10.10.10.2
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/58/63 ms
R1#ping 10.10.10.3
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.10.3, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 49/58/62 ms
---------------------so Life is good for the LAN of 10.10.10.0/24-----
---------------------Now I will go to R2 and do same for LAN 30.30.30.0/24----
here is before I changes at R2#
R2#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES manual administratively down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down
R2#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R2(config)#int f0/0R2(config-if)#n0 shut
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to upR2(config-if)#ip address 30.30.30.100 255.255.255.0
---------------------Now I will look at the change of result-----
R2#show ip int brieR2#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 30.30.30.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down downR2#R2#
----------------------------Now I test my ping on the LAN and life is good
R2#ping 30.30.30.5
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 30.30.30.5, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/59/63 ms
R2#ping 30.30.30.4
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 30.30.30.4, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 47/58/63 ms
R2#ping 30.30.30.6
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 30.30.30.6, timeout is 2 seconds:.!!!!Success rate is 80 percent (4/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 62/62/63 ms
--------------------------------Now we will connect a WAN link between R1 and R2----
in order to do that we need to add a WIC cards interface ; that you will add it. This is a simulation so you must save your configuration ; shut you pc ; then Add the Interface cards ;then reboot the router ; then you will see a new interface called s0/0
HInT make sure save your work but how ?
for now just type this
R1#copy run start
--------------------------Here is what is in LAB----
in lab enviroment ; I will use Back to back cables ; one side is DCE the other side is DTE
it is important that the side has DCE ; you provide a clock rate commands , otherwise you can not be able to ping
But how do you know which side DCE or DTE ?
method #1 ) look at the cables labelmethids # 2) R1#show controllers s 0/0
R1#show contrR1#show controllers s 0/0Interface Serial0/0Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860DCE V.35, no clockidb at 0x81081AC4, driver
as we see R1 s0/0 is connected to DCE side
------------------------Now If I go to R2 s0/0 i should see DTE ----
R2#show controllers s 0/0Interface Serial0/0Hardware is PowerQUICC MPC860DTE V.35 clocks stopped.
---------------------Now I will go to R1 s0/0 and give IP address and the clock rate coomnds---
here is R1 before any changes
R1#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 10.10.10.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0 unassigned YES manual up downR1#R1#R1#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#int s0/0R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.5 255.255.255.252R1(config-if)#cloR1(config-if)#clock rate ?Speed (bits per second 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 38400 56000 64000 72000 125000 128000 148000 250000 500000 800000 1000000 1300000 2000000 4000000 <300-4000000> Choose clockrate from list aboveR1(config-if)#clock rate 64000R1(config-if)#%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0, changed state to up
-----------------------------------Now I will go to R2 and give Ip address only to s0/0since remember R2 is not connected to DCE .....
Hint : only the DCE side has the clock rate commands
-------------------so lets go to R2 before any changes----------------
R2#show ip int brieR2#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 30.30.30.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0 unassigned YES manual up upR2#config tEnter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.R2(config)#int s0/0R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#ip address 20.20.20.6 255.255.255.252
--------------------here is the result in R2 after changes------
R2#show ip int brieR2#show ip int brief Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol FastEthernet0/0 30.30.30.100 YES manual up up FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES manual administratively down down Serial0/0 20.20.20.6 YES manual up up
--------------------Now I try ping from R2 to R1 s0/0-----------
R2#ping 20.20.20.5
Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 20.20.20.5, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/28/32 ms
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